What is the difference between allergic and nonallergic asthma

The mean levels of total IgE were similar between the two groups, Percentage and number of eosinophils in the NA group were normal 3. No significant differences were found in the presence of eosinophils between severe and moderate—mild NA subjects percentage: 3. Skin prick test against a panel of common allergens was negative in all the participants in this study. The genes studied were grouped into five categories based on the ROC curve analysis results Table 2 see Material and Methods.

Table 2. Classification of biomarkers by the receiver operating characteristic ROC curves analysis. The results according to the severity of the NA group varied. The comparisons between C and severe NA patients differed from the overall analysis in some of the genes studied.

CD86 was the only good biomarker for asthma-severity discrimination. These differences were also shown when the C group was compared with the severe NA 0. Figure 1. Mean levels of the protein expression. C Mean levels of IL E Mean levels of PI3. Though there were no statistically significant differences in the other proteins studied, a tendency was observed when the NA patients were analyzed according to severity. The IL levels were higher in severe This same tendency was observed in PI3: severe NA group: 6, Briefly, IL-8 protein expression showed slight but non-significant differences between severe The lower molecular weight band showed statistical differences between C subjects and NA subjects.

Given the poor results obtained in the individual ROC curve study of several biomarkers, an analysis of the AUC values combining two and three biomarkers was carried out. The results of the analysis combining two proteins are summarized in Table 3. Table 3. Receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analyses of the protein expression combining two biomarkers.

The combination of three biomarkers Table 4 gave very interesting combinations, with AUC values over 0. The discrimination of severe patients from control subjects shared combinations of biomarkers with the other two comparisons. Table 4. Receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analysis of the protein expression combining three biomarkers. In the three-biomarker analysis, the list of important synergies is longer Table 4 B.

There was an improvement of the sensitivity and the specificity or synergy when several biomarkers were combined, obtaining very interesting combinations, with AUC values over 0. These rankings are shown in Table 5. Table 5. Ranking of the best individual and combined proteic biomarkers for each discrimination.

There is a real need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the asthmatic disease. Many efforts are being undertaken to define new biological therapies against specific targets that define asthma mediated by Th2 inflammation; however, a substantial number of asthmatic patients present low or non-Th2 inflammation.

We recently defined a group of genes differentially expressed in peripheral samples from nonallergic asthmatic patients low or non-Th2 inflammation and some of them, mainly associated with the severity of these diseases. The ideal biomarker should be sensitive, specific, simple to perform, non-invasive, and inexpensive if possible In the present report, we have evaluated the potential of nine genes and proteins to serve as biomarkers using peripheral blood samples from healthy controls and nonallergic asthmatic patients.

These results are in concordance with the recent description of the protective effect of PI3 against adult asthma PI3 or Elafin, is a potent inhibitor of serine proteases, which plays a central role in controlling excessive activity of neutrophil elastase. It is a modulator of many parameters that are critical for inflammation, although it has pleiotropic effects CHI3L1 or YKL is thought to play a role in tissue inflammation and remodeling 29 , and its role as a possible biomarker has been reviewed in YKL regulated signaling mechanisms Also, correlations between YKL levels and neutrophilic inflammation have been described Finally, IL8 a member of the CXC chemokines is considered to be one of the main mediators of the inflammatory response and very important for the survival and chemotaxis of neutrophils.

It is secreted by several cell types and has been associated with several respiratory disorders These three biomarkers PI3, CHI3L1 , and IL8 are closely related to neutrophils, suggesting the relevance of this kind of cells in noneosinophilic nonallergic asthmatic disease and severity data here cannot be demonstrated because neutrophils were not determined.

IL10 has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation It has been extensively related with asthma and allergy diseases MSR 1 or macrophage scavenger receptor type I, or CD has been described in many cell locations usually in tissues , such as vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, human lung epithelial cells, etc.

This fact increases its pathophysiological potential, and has been described as a central pivot of health and disease MSR1 was associated with asthma and was postulated by our group as a very good biomarker candidate for severity in several respiratory diseases CD86 or B7. Most APCs constitutively express low levels of CD86, but following activation they are rapidly upregulated CPA3 or carboxypeptidase A3, is a metalloexopeptidase specifically expressed by mast cells CPA3 was described as the best individual discriminator for eosinophilic asthma in a study of six gene biomarkers in sputum Overall, these gene analyses strengthen our previous results and evidence the potential of these nine gene biomarkers.

For that, the next step was to determine the effectiveness of these biomarkers at the protein level using when it was available IL, CHI3L1, IL-8, and PI3 the serum-ELISA as a quantitative assay that is commonly useful to analyze soluble biomarkers due to its sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. On the other hand, although our gene expression results did not revealed POSTN as a differential gene, we decided to include the analysis of periostin levels in the serum, as it is one of the main biomarkers described as indicator of Th2-inflammation 41 , 42 and the serum periostin levels have been related to the response to anti-IL therapy in patients with moderate—mild asthma The individual protein biomarkers results are summarized in Table 2.

SERPINB2 is a member of the group of inhibitors of the serine protease family, enzymes that inhibit protease cathepsin G neutrophils and chymase of mast cells. IL-8 was the only individual protein biomarker with a good predictive accuracy for discriminating clinical severity between moderate—mild vs severe patients AUC: 0. These results could highlight the relevance of IL-8 and indirectly confirm the recent publication in BAL, describing that neutrophils and IL-8 are the only inflammatory components that distinguish controlled from uncontrolled asthma 46 , but should be confirmed in a larger population.

In this regard, novel small molecules targeting neutrophilic inflammation, such as chemokine CXC receptor 2 CXCR2 antagonists have been analyzed in the noneosinophilic asthma context, showing how these antagonists reduce neutrophils, but do not improve clinical outcomes in studies to date The next step was to analyze the change in the predictive results after combining two Table 3 A—D or three biomarkers Table 4 A and B.

Table 5 shows the global analyses, with the ranking of the best individual or combined biomarkers for each of the comparisons performed. Previously, serum concentrations of CHI3L1 were associated with the severity of asthma and were inversely correlated with lung function and FEV 1 50 , indicating that serum CHI3L1 was important in the specific inflammatory phenotype of asthma.

However, more recently it has been described in a large group of patients with asthma, that serum concentrations of CHI3L1 were only slightly increased in those with the most severe asthma Interestingly, contrasting with those previous results, in this study CHI3L1 protein levels were higher in moderate—mild patients compared with severe asthmatic patients Figure 1 , and, together with the levels of IL-8 and periostin, could be tested in an easy and reproducible ELISA to verify predictable disease severity in nonallergic patients.

Although these results are very encouraging, we believe they should be tested in larger populations, with the same age-range and by different groups in order to test their reproducibility and to validate them. In summary, in this work we have tried to define the relevance at gene and protein level of a set of biomarkers in peripheral samples.

If your asthma is allergic, you will have higher levels of IgE Immunoglobulin E present in your blood test. More than 25 million people in the US suffer from asthma. Based on extensive research, experts in the medical world have been able to identify certain characteristics that are associated with sufferers of each asthma type.

For example, allergic asthmatic patients are usually younger, while non-allergic ones tend to be older. Surprisingly gender is also a factor, as the research claims that females are at higher risk to obtain a non-allergic type of asthma compared to males. Even though extrinsic and intrinsic asthmas have the same major symptoms, the diagnosis and treatment stages do differ for both conditions. In order to identify intrinsic asthma, your doctor will have to order a lung X-ray and blood work in addition to a thorough physical examination.

Sometimes your physician will also want to perform a spirometry, peak flow, or lung function tests in order to figure out more details about your condition. After that, your doctor will have to perform an analysis on what factor s cause your non-allergic asthma. When it comes to diagnosing extrinsic asthma, your physician will likely order all of the abovementioned tests as well as a skin prick test, to see what your body perceives as an allergen.

After your doctor identifies the influencing factor s contributing to your intrinsic non-allergic asthma, recommendations for your specific triggers have to be made. These can include changes to your environment, nutrition, and lifestyle. Additionally, you may be prescribed various medications, including antibiotics and steroids, that are aimed at your infection and inflammation.

If your asthma is triggered by stress or anxiety, psychological counseling may be required to treat your non-allergic asthma. Extrinsic allergic asthma treatment is usually a tandem treatment approach and often consists of treatment for your asthma as well as your allergies.

At the same time, allergy treatment will depend on the allergen you are reacting to, as well as the severity of the symptoms. Note that some corrections in your nutrition and lifestyle can also be required, in addition to traditional allergy medicine. Always remember that any condition requires professional diagnosis. If you experience any symptoms of extrinsic or intrinsic asthma, you can make an appointment with any of our experienced pulmonary specialists. Conditions We Treat.

Asthma which is triggered by an allergic reaction is called allergy-induced asthma. Allergy-induced asthma occurs when symptoms are linked to an allergic reaction. The symptoms of allergic asthma are the same as non-allergic asthma; tightness of the chest, difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing are all common. Allergy-induced asthma can be difficult to avoid, especially in the spring. Treatments for allergies and asthma are usually different, but some types of medications can treat both.

Identifying and avoiding allergy triggers is a large part of managing allergy-induced asthma. There are several conditions which affect the respiratory system in addition to allergies and asthma. The common cold and sinusitis share many symptoms with allergies.

Treating the correct condition will help speed along your recovery if you are sick, or help you choose the right treatment plan to ease allergies.

An allergic reaction occurs when you are exposed to an allergen. Allergies can be seasonal, such as with springtime allergies, or perennial year-round. A cold is a viral infection which causes the mucous membrane in the nose and throat to become inflamed. Symptoms of a cold are similar to allergies, but go away approximately a week after onset. Sinusitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages which can occur either as a bacterial infection, or as a complication of a cold or allergies.

Treatments for allergies and asthma are different, as they treat two different conditions. However, certain treatment types overlap for allergic asthma. Long term relief: Long term relief focuses on controlling chronic asthma and preventing asthma attacks. Medications often have a slower effect but longer duration than quick relief medications.

Medications provide short-term relief of symptoms. Immunotherapy also known as allergy shots and Omalizumab are common types of treatment. Allergy medications come in a variety of forms: pills, inhalers, nasal sprays, eyedrops, shots, skin creams, and liquids.

They can be broken down into four main types. Blog Home. Author Florida Medical Clinic. The Difference Between Allergy and Asthma Spring can be a difficult time of year for people who have allergies or asthma.

Asthma and allergies are linked in many ways, but what is the difference between the two? Allergies Our immune systems are designed to protect us from potentially harmful threats.